{"id":11401,"date":"2022-12-22T17:25:54","date_gmt":"2022-12-22T16:25:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/socialagri.com\/agriFM\/?post_type=podcast&#038;p=11401"},"modified":"2022-12-22T17:25:54","modified_gmt":"2022-12-22T16:25:54","slug":"mycotoxin-exposure-in-feed-formulation-for-pigs-and-poultry","status":"publish","type":"podcast","link":"https:\/\/socialagri.com\/agriFM\/podcast\/mycotoxin-exposure-in-feed-formulation-for-pigs-and-poultry\/","title":{"rendered":"Mycotoxin exposure in feed formulation for pigs and poultry"},"content":{"rendered":"<strong><span style=\"color: #e80743\">Mycotoxin contamination&gt; Mycotoxins <\/span><\/strong>are secondary fungal metabolites that <strong>can be found in a wide range of raw materials<\/strong> used in human and animal feed.\r\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse;width: 100%\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 100%\">Although there are hundreds of mycotoxins, regulatory limits and guidelines for maximum tolerated levels in foods have only been established for a few.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nThe acknowledgement of the negative effects of<strong> mycotoxins on health and productivity in pig and poultry farming<\/strong> has led to the establishment of maximum tolerance levels for aflatoxins. As well as the creation of regulatory guidelines (recommended tolerance levels) for ochratoxins and a small amount of fusarium toxins.\r\n\r\nLimits vary according to:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><span style=\"color: #e80743\">mycotoxin type<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li><span style=\"color: #e80743\">animal species<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li><span style=\"color: #e80743\">intended use<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li><span style=\"color: #e80743\">type of raw material<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li><span style=\"color: #e80743\">food and diet<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li>according to the regulatory body or the country<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;color: #e80743\"><strong>Mycotoxin analysis\u00a0<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-82520\" src=\"https:\/\/nutrinews.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/icono-mano-pienso.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"91\" height=\"85\" \/><strong>Sampling plays a crucial role<\/strong> in the accuracy of mycotoxin level determination. It is often the main source of variation associated with mycotoxin analysis, causing close to 90% of error in some analyses (<em>Turner et al<\/em>., 2015).\r\n\r\nRegardless of the analytical method, mycotoxin concentrations are usually expressed as \u03bcg\/kg on the basis of dry material. <strong>Positive results<\/strong> are those observed in samples which are above the limit of detection (LOD) and quantifiable results are those that are above the limit of quantification (LOQ).\r\n\r\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-37214 alignleft\" src=\"https:\/\/nutrinews.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/icono-atencion-lila.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"46\" height=\"47\" \/>LOD and LOQ vary greatly depending on the analytical method which is used. Therefore, data comparisons between different trials must be done cautiously (<em>Von Holst and Stroka<\/em>, 2014).\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-95589 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/nutrinews.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/micotoxinas-3-401x300.jpg\" alt=\"mycotoxins\" width=\"401\" height=\"300\" \/>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<span style=\"color: #e80743;font-size: 18pt\"><strong>Factors affecting mycotoxin contamination<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\nMycotoxins are produced by fungi, so virtually all factors that have an impact on fungal development can affect mycotoxin production.\r\n\r\nA simplified approach to fungal development and mycotoxin production is to separate fungi into two groups:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Those that colonize plants before harvest, commonly called<strong> <span style=\"color: #e80743\">field <a href=\"https:\/\/nutrinews.com\/en\/interview-how-do-mycotoxigenic-fungi-acclimatize-to-climate-change\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">fungi<\/a>.<\/span><\/strong><\/li>\r\n \t<li>Those that colonize plants or plant material post harvest. Known as <strong><span style=\"color: #e80743\">storage fungi.<\/span><\/strong><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<strong>Raw materials are the substrate, and the main factor that influences <\/strong>mycotoxin production by fungi. The <strong>second<\/strong> most important factors that determine what type of fungi will develop, are those associated with climate conditions<strong> (rainfall, temperature and environmental humidity.)\u00a0<\/strong>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>For example, in warm and humid subtropical and tropical conditions, corn cobs are colonized by species of Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus, resulting in aflatoxin production.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>On the other hand, in temperate regions, maize is a suitable substrate for colonization by Fusarium and the production of fumonisins, deoxynivalenol and other mycotoxins produced by the trichothecene family.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[130,126],"tags":[],"canales":[236],"Idioma":[15],"intereses":[325],"participantes":[],"acf":{"link_podcast1":"https:\/\/nutrinews.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/Mycotoxin-levels-in-pig-and-poultry-feed.mp3","imagen_podcast1":"https:\/\/nutrinews.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/Diseno-sin-titulo-2022-12-22T112404.282.jpg"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v22.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Mycotoxin exposure in feed formulation for pigs and poultry<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Mycotoxins are secondary fungal metabolites that can be found in a wide range of raw materials used in human and ...\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link 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